Fusion plant with engineering gain > 1 (net electricity)$9.14B Generalist robot manipulation on unseen tasks and environments$7.16B Predicting small-molecule / protein binding for unseen chemistry$4.54B De novo design of protein binders to a given target$2.92B Predicting cellular response to unseen perturbations (virtual cell)$2.91B Fault-tolerant logical qubits below threshold at useful scale$2.22B Sorbents / catalysts meeting carbon-capture and conversion targets$2.20B Compact, specific gene editors deliverable in vivo$1.72B Generating novel, thermodynamically stable inorganic crystals$1.08B Buildable, MHD-stable quasi-isodynamic stellarator$1.03B ML surrogates matching high-fidelity CFD/physics solvers at a fraction of the cost$847.5M Engineering proteins/enzymes to hit target fitness (activity, stability)$786M Forecasting record-breaking weather extremes at least as well as operational NWP$640M Clean hydrogen at $1/kg (electrolysis at scale)$600M AI achieving gold-level olympiad math with open, verifiable solutions$559M Predicting molecular biomarkers / outcomes from H&E whole-slide images$384M Predicting antibody developability from sequence$223M Human-level abstract reasoning on ARC-AGI$88.8M